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Producing bulk concentrates and treating them by Outotec Direct Nickel Flash Smelting (DON) to matte and then hydrometallurgical refining, offers a reliable route from concentrate to product. In the DON process high grade matte with low Fe-content is produced in the Flash smelting furnace (FSF) and metal values in slag are recovered in an ...
In the DON process, high grade nickel matte of low iron content is produced in the flash smelting furnace directly without subsequent converting. The metal values in the smelting slag are recovered in an electric furnace as an iron containing Ni matte.
Evaluation of Nickel Flash Smelting Through Piloting and Simulation: SR Varnas, N Kemori, PTL Koh: Metallurgical and Materials Transaction B, 29B (1998) 1329-1343: Abstract (external link) | Full Paper (avail. for purchase) Numerical Modelling of Combustion in a Zinc Flash .
An innovative process Koniambo Nickel. Smelting occurs in an electric furnace heated to 1600 degrees, and ferronickel is periodically tapped into ladles. As for the slag, it is tapped continually at 1600°C into 30 m 3 slag pots and hauled to the slag disposal area. Fresh water in a closed-circuit system cools some parts of the furnace.
AbstractOxygen-activity measurements and sampling for chemical assay were carried out in a nickel flash smelting furnace and slag-cleaning electric furnace during industrial operation. In the primary Direct Outokumpu Nickel (DON) smelting furnace, which produces high-grade nickel matte, the oxygen activity and chemical compositions of the slag and matte were quite uniform throughout the ...
The goal of this study was to investigate the distribution of trace elements (Ge, Co, Se, Pb and Sn) between nickel matte and fayalite slag in the Direct Outotec Nickel Flash Smelting – process. The experiments were conducted with a method that includes equilibration and quenching of the sample, followed by an EPMA-analysis.
Most of South Africa's nickel is produced as a by-product of platinum mining activities on the Bushveld Igneous Complex. South Africa is about the tenth largest producer of nickel in the world with a production of about 42,000 metric tonnes in 2011 [1]. Slag generated in the direct nickel flash smelting .
Mar 20, 2017· Processing of PGM Containing Ni/Cu Bulk Concentrates in a Sustainable Way by Outotec Direct Nickel Flash Smelting Process. Ni-Co 2013, pp.325-334. Journal. Ma¨kinen, T. and Taskinen, P. State of the art in nickel smelting: direct Outokumpu nickel technology
Outokumpu Harjavalta Metals Oy has been producing nickel since 1962, based on conventional flash smelting technology followed by electrowinning of nickel. In the 1980s, a research project was initiated to develop a converterless direct smelting process to produce matte for further refining in the then existing refinery. The process was tested on a pilot plant...
Industrial nickel slag from the direct Outotec nickel flash smelting (DON) process was mixed with both synthetic and industrial battery scrap. The end products of the slag-scrap mixtures after ...
In Nickel Flash Smelting technology, sulfide nickel concentrate is processed in the Outotec ® Flash Smelting Furnace to produce nickel matte and slag. The matte is transported to the Peirce-Smith converters where it is blown to high-grade matte. The metal values in the smelting and converting slags are recovered in the electric furnace as ...
Direct Nickel Process; Outotec® Direct Nickel Process. Get continuous production of high-grade nickel matte with low iron content with the Direct Outotec Nickel Flash Smelting Process. When coupled with our slag cleaning process, nickel smelting is straightforward, cost effective, and does not require ladles or complex plant layouts. Offers ...
Flash smelting (Finnish: Liekkisulatus, literally "flame-smelting") is a smelting process for sulfur-containing ores including chalcopyrite.The process was developed by Outokumpu in Finland and first applied at the Harjavalta plant in 1949 for smelting copper ore. It has also been adapted for nickel and lead production.. A second flash smelting system was developed by the International Nickel ...
AN INTRODUCTION TO OUTOTEC FLASH SMELTING With flexibility, low energy consumption, high sulfur capture, and excellent economy of scale, Outotec Flash Smelting technology is the world's leading method for copper and nickel smelting. More than half of the world's primary copper and nickel is produced using Outotec's proprietary process.
flash smelting. Flash smelting is the most common process but electric smelting is used for more complex raw materials when increased flexibility is needed. Both processes use dried concentrates. Electric smelting requires a roasting step ahead of the smelter to reduce sulfur content and volatiles. Older nickel smelting processes, such as blast or
Flash smelting is a pyrometallurgical process for smelting metal sulphide concentrates. It is used primarily for copper sulphide concentrates, but it is also used to a significant extent for nickel sulphide concentrates. The flash smelting process for sulphide concentrates was developed by the Finnish mining company, Outokumpu Oy, from 1948 ...
Industrial nickel slag from the direct Outotec nickel flash smelting (DON) process was mixed with both synthetic and industrial battery scrap. The end products of the slag-scrap mixtures after reduction at 1400 °C in a CH 4 (5 vol %)-N 2 atmosphere were an Ni–Co–Cu–Fe metal alloy and FeO x –SiO 2 slag.
smelting of copper-nickel concentrates in a 19.5 MVA furnace with six in-line electrodes. The matte- and slag-tapping temperatures, slag temperatures, slag analyses, electrical data, and electrode position were measured. Radioactive tracers were introduced into the slag, and quantitative results relating to the flow pattern within the furnace ...
Direct reduction of garnierite ore for production of ferro-nickel with a rotary kiln at Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co., Ltd., Oheyama Works the Nippon Yakin Kogyo Company constructed a plant at Miyazu for smelting low nickel laterite ores from the nearby Oheyama Mine .
A nickel flash smelting furnace is initially used to obtain the valuable metal but the loss of nickel in the slag amounts to about 4 % and thus an electric slag-cleaning furnace has to be subsequently used to reduce the loss of the valuable metal to less than 0.5 % nickel oxide in the slag.
The Blister Flash Smelting technology (Direct-to-Blister Flash Smelting and Kennecott- Outokumpu Flash Converting Technology) is described in an other paper presentation in this conference in more ...
A thermodynamic model has been developed to predict the distribution behavior of Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, S, As, Sb, and Bi in the Outokumpu flash-smelting process, the Outokumpu direct high-grade matte smelting process, and the INCO flash-smelting process. In this model, as many as 16 elements (Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, As, Sb, Bi, S, O, Al, Ca, Mg, Si, N, C, and H) are considered, and two nickel sulfide ...
Feb 03, 2011· Older nickel-smelting processes, such as blast or reverberatory furnaces, no longer are acceptable because of low-energy efficiencies and environmental concerns. In flash smelting, dry sulfide ore containing less than 1% moisture is fed to the furnace along with preheated air, oxygen-enriched air (30–40% oxygen), or pure oxygen.
alternative smelting methods. Rea-lizing that the R.P.M. concentrate contains ahigh percentage ofmag-nesium, they immediately focused their attention onelectric smelting, where high operating temperatures could be tolerated. A further at-traction wasthat power costs inthe Republic ofSouth Africa are fairly Iowatabout RO,OSper kW hand
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